Gingivitis
Inflammatory condition involving the gingival tissue surrounding the teeth.
What is gingivitis?
Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gum tissue surrounding the teeth. It is the most common and mildest form of periodontal disease, typically caused by the buildup of bacterial plaque (dental plaque) and tartar on the surfaces of the teeth and gums. Although it is a reversible process, if left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, which is a much more serious condition.
Main causes
The development of gingivitis (gum inflammation) is usually associated with a combination of several factors, which include:
Poor oral hygiene
Tartar
Accumulation of bacterial plaque (dental plaque)
Smoking tobacco
Hormonal changes
Possible symptoms
The most common symptoms of gingivitis include:
Redness and swelling of the gums
This is one of the first symptoms. Healthy gums are pink in colour, however, when inflamed they become red and may show slight swelling (increased volume) due to the accumulation of exudate fluid.
Bleeding when brushing teeth
Inflammation makes the gum tissues more delicate and susceptible to damage, causing frequent bleeding, even with gentle stimuli such as brushing or flossing.
Chronic halitosis (bad breath)
The accumulation of bacterial plaque and food debris, combined with ongoing inflammation, can generate a persistent, unpleasant breath odour, also known as halitosis.
Mild receding gums (gingival recession)
In some cases, inflammation can lead to a gradual receding of the gum line, exposing part of the tooth root and increasing susceptibility to tooth sensitivity.
Gum tenderness and sensitivity
It can cause discomfort or even pain when pressing or brushing the affected area, resulting from the increased sensitivity and tenderness of the inflamed region.
If symptoms persist or worsen, dental consultation and evaluation is important. Even in the absence of severe pain, regular check-ups are essential to prevent complications.
Gingivitis treatment varies depending on the extent of the damage and its severity. Here are some of the most common treatment methods:
