Periodontitis (Periodontal disease)
A chronic inflammatory disease caused by bacteria that destroys the gums and the bone supporting the teeth, which if left untreated can lead to their loss.
What is periodontitis (gum disease)?
Periodontitis (gum disease) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, including the gums, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligaments. It typically develops from untreated gingivitis when bacterial plaque and tartar build up in the spaces between the teeth and gums. This process triggers inflammation which, if left unchecked, can lead to the progressive destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth.
Main causes
The development of periodontitis is usually associated with a combination of several factors, which include:
Poor oral hygiene
Smoking tobacco
Diabetes
Autoimmune diseases
Hormonal changes
Possible symptoms
The most common symptoms include:
Red, swollen or bleeding gums
One of the first signs of periodontitis is gingivitis, which manifests as redness, swelling and bleeding during brushing or flossing. These symptoms indicate the presence of bacteria and toxins in the gum tissue.
Gum recession (Receding gums)
As the disease progresses, gum recession often occurs, leading to the gradual exposure of tooth roots. In addition to the negative impact on the aesthetics of the smile, this condition increases the susceptibility of teeth to sensitivity and other problems.
Increased tooth sensitivity
The exposure of tooth roots as a result of gum recession can cause discomfort when consuming hot, cold, or sweet food and drinks, which significantly affects the patient's quality of life.
Bad breath (Halitosis)
Chronic halitosis is another common symptom of periodontitis. It results from the accumulation of bacteria in the oral cavity and the breakdown of inflamed tissues.
Presence of periodontal pockets
Periodontal pockets are spaces that form between the teeth and gums as a result of the destruction of the supporting tissues. Food debris and bacteria accumulate in these pockets, which exacerbates inflammation.
Pain or discomfort when chewing
Inflammation and the loss of supporting tooth structures can cause discomfort or pain during chewing, making normal eating difficult.
Tooth mobility (Tooth looseness)
In advanced stages of periodontitis, the weakening of the bone and the tooth's supporting apparatus can lead to tooth mobility, shifting, and even loss.
If symptoms persist or worsen, a dental assessment is important. Even in the absence of severe pain, a regular check-up is crucial to prevent complications.
Treatment of periodontitis (periodontal disease) depends on the severity of the condition, but the main goal is to control the infection, protect the health of the structures supporting the teeth, and prevent future complications. The main methods include:
