Dental abscess
A tooth abscess is a bacterial infection with an accumulation of purulent discharge (pus) within the tooth or gum, which causes severe pain and swelling and requires prompt intervention from a dentist.
What is a tooth abscess?
A dental abscess is a bacterial infection that causes a collection of pus to build up in the area of a tooth or gum. It can be periapical (located at the root of the tooth) or periodontal (located in the gum). Most commonly, it develops as a result of untreated tooth decay, periodontal disease, as well as cracks or injuries to the teeth. It can cause severe pain, swelling, and lead to the spread of infection to other areas, causing serious complications. For this reason, it is crucial to see a dentist promptly for a diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Main causes
The development of a tooth abscess is usually associated with a combination of several factors, which include:
Untreated tooth decay
Periodontal diseases (periodontitis)
Dental injuries
Fractures and cracks of teeth
Accumulation of bacterial plaque (dental plaque)
Possible symptoms
Symptoms of a tooth abscess can vary depending on its severity and location. The most common symptoms include:
Strong and throbbing toothache
The pain is often described as throbbing and can radiate to the jaw, ear or neck. The discomfort may worsen when chewing or lying down.
Sensitivity to heat and cold
Teeth can become extremely sensitive to hot and cold foods and drinks.
Swollen gums
The gums around the infected tooth may be swollen, red, and tender to the touch.
Unpleasant taste in the mouth
A bitter or salty taste may appear in the mouth, which is associated with the draining of purulent discharge from the abscess.
Bad breath
The infection can cause chronic halitosis, which does not resolve despite regular oral hygiene.
Fever
In more serious cases, the infection can lead to fever and general malaise.
Facial swelling
The face may become visibly swollen on the side of the affected tooth. This swelling can spread to the neck.
Enlarged lymph nodes
Lymph nodes in the neck or under the jaw may become enlarged and tender (painful when pressed).
Difficulty opening the mouth or swallowing
Swelling and pain can make it difficult to open the mouth freely (trismus) and swallow.
A tooth abscess is a serious condition that requires immediate treatment to avoid dangerous complications.
Treatment of a tooth abscess aims to eliminate the infection, relieve pain, and prevent complications. Treatment options include:
